Preventing Bacteria from Creating Resistance to Drugs Essay -- Explora

Preventing Bacteria from Creating Resistance to DrugsIn 1943, the antibiotic era began when penicillin, a member of the beta-lacam family of drugs, was developed. Since then, tens of thousands of derivatives of penicillin have been developed, but only seventeen antibiotics of this family argon presently marketed in the United States. Penicillin and its derivatives work by preventing certain bacteria from create strong cell walls that keep their shape and integrity. Without well-integrated cell walls, bacterial onerous to grow in the presence of penicillin puff up and die.1 well-nigh all bacterial diseases have evolved some level of immunity. The increased exercise of antimicrobial drugs encourages the spread of resistance and increases the prevalence of drug-resistant strains.2 In fact, most(prenominal) virulent strains, like many sexually transmitted diseases, require at least double the dosage that was used a decade ago. Vancomycin, normally referred to as the last resort dru g, is being used by hospitals in ever-increasing amounts.Bacterial resistance is the result of evolutionary responses. One arrange of resistance is through mutation. In some instances, proteins used to build the cell are altered to bind penicillin poorly or not at all. A second type of resistance occurs when the bacteria preemptively breaks down penicillin into harmless by-products in the first place they have the chance to bind with the cell wall. A greater make believe for concern is the fact that bacteria may reproduce with different bacterial species passing on resistance to bacteria that did not previously experience the ability to resist any drugs.3 Humans are the predominant cause for drug resistance. The following are some examples of how human intervention has res... ...3. Palumbi. Pg. 81.4. Meanwhile, covert at the Farm in Infectious Disease Alert. Nov. 1, 2001. vol. 21 i. 3 Pg. 17.5. Palumbi. Pg. 89.6. Palumbi. Reproduced from Table 4.1 on Pg. 75.7. Skolnic, Andrew. New Insight Into How Bacteria Develop antibiotic drug Resistance in The Journal of the American Medical Association. Jan. 2, 1991. vol. 265 n. 1. Pg. 14.8. For further version consult Skurkovich, Simon. Facing the Coming Plague in World and I. June 1998. vol. 13 n. 6. Pg. 150.FURTHER READING & USEFUL LINKS1. This presentation was intended to be associated with the following articleEckert, Eric. Diseased Soieties in World and I. Oct. 1998. vol. 13 n. 10. Pg. 166.2. Lappe, Marc. falling out The Evolving Threat of Drug-Resistant Disease. San Francisco Sierra Club Books, 1995.3. How Bacteria Build Resistance to Antibiotics presented by USA Today