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Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Management Case Study: 15% Employee Payroll Decrease

I hope all is well since our last meeting. As we have recently been confronted with financial difficulties within Austen Pharmaceuticals, I have given extensive consideration in devising an effective plan for adequately addressing the directive of decreasing payroll by 15% and am prepared to share my prospective solution. As this transition will directly impact the employees, I have met with them to apprise them of the proposed cuts that have been presented and will ultimately take place.In an effort to maintain morale and make this evolution as seamless as possible for the employees, I have incorporated some of their ideas and suggestions in constructing the plan to decrease the payroll while preserving the workforce. After reviewing the most current performance evaluations for each employee, I have established a ranking system that rates each employee based on their overall performance in addition to any individual contributions that they have made which resulted in more efficiency within our division.By rating the employees based on performance, this provides a reference point to determine the most productive employees versus those who are marginal in the event that lay-offs are inevitable. The first step in fulfilling the objective of the plan is to immediately eliminate overtime and have salaried staff help out where possible to complete the work.Next, is to restructure or reduce the amount of hours that each employee works while allowing them to maintain their benefits. The more productive employees will work during peak hours and the average staff will work during  off-peak hours. This will allow for the work to be completed while utilizing our best resources when the workflow is the highest. The final step in the plan is to cut pay for each employee based on their performance. The pay cuts will be based on the rankings providing a 1% cut for the best performance and a 3% cut for those who are within the lower rankings. This will allow for our best per former to be acknowledged for their efforts while meeting the needs of the company. Additionally, this will allow our average performers to maintain employment while striving to improve performance.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Candy empathy task Essay

Well, here I am again on the same old ranch full of the same old ranch workers. It wasn’t going to be like this. I nearly got away from it all. Ya see, in all them other I had a dream. Made me feel kinda special, I s’pose, because there ain’t too many guys who hang on to a vision these days. Anyhow, Lennie’s gone now. I gotta say even if he was a crazy bastard that shattered my dream, he was someone to talk to, in fact; he was the one that told me about the dream in the first place. I will miss that crazy bastard. Ways are back to what they were before George and Lennie turned up. The same old people as before. Curley is still as cocky as before except he has a screwed up hand. I heard Curley say to Carlson that if he comes across another girl that he likes his hand is going into that glove again. And the other difference is that my companion is not here. I remember how he used to follow me everywhere even if he was getting a bit old and did not look very attractive like he used to; but that was hardly his fault. Still if it had to be done I would have preferred to do it myself. He was my dog, my companion, my friend. I don’t know how I am going to get through the last few years of my life without him. I shoulda done it myself. They woulda let me leave this ranch but where would I go. I can’t go to the farm on my own can I. The thought of leaving my dog behind, is just too powerful so I’ve decided I’m not going anywhere. My dog jus goes round and round in my head. I mean, Carlson is a fine bloke ‘n’ all but I still regret it. I bet it was that Curley that told him to do it. Bloody ‘hand fulla Vaseline’ guy. From the moment Lennie and Curley met everyone was expecting trouble. I mean, that was all we talked bout at dinner. Those two are a right pair. I mean, a crazy bastard and a golden gloves champion. Yet, it looked like the crazy bastard lost in the end. After all that he did; I mean, crushing Curley’s hand and breaking his wife’s neck. He went and lost the fight. There ain’t nobody that I know of, and if there was I would know, that has done that much damage to Curley. So off he went to find Lennie and put an end to it. Then all I remember was that Carlson’s gun was missing. Rumour has it that George hadda overpower Lennie to get the gun. Then Lennie got shot in a struggle but I gotta feeling that, by the way Slim was quiet, that something is not right. Everyone’s moving on now. George has left. Lennie is dead. Curley’s wife is dead. Curley’s gotta new girlfriend. I nearly hadda new pup from Lulu, Slim’s dog, but jus as I was pickin’ it it made me feel bad inside; made me feel even worse bout my old companion.

Monday, July 29, 2019

A Comparison of Person Centred and Existential Therapies

A Comparison of Person Centred and Existential Therapies Although person centred and existential therapies are both humanistic in their approaches both these therapies have many differences as well as similarities in the use of the therapy towards their clients. Yalom agrees with Rogers in that it is the therapeutic relationship that heals. However Yalom helps his clients from a philosophical stance in dealing with their problems. Furthermore this is where existentialism differs from Rogers’s person centred therapy Jones, R. (2006). This essay will compare and contrast person centred and existential therapeutic approaches to therapy. Whereas the person centred approach regards the individual as the authority on their own experience (Mulhauser, G. 2010). In contrast the existential approach views the client as having continual change and transformations throughout their experiences. However the person centred approach provides three core conditions that the client finds useful to aid them in their growth and therapeutic change these are according to Rogers as cited in Jones, R. (2006), the first is unconditional positive regard where Roger regards as the trust the therapist puts in the clients ability to constructive change. Furthermore Roger believed that as well as this trust placed in the client; that the therapists also have their own struggle in that the therapist must be mindful of the client’s ability to attain constructive self-direction if that respect is part of their personality. This then makes a critical feature of Rogers therapeutic approach and the relationship in which the client is valued, and respected as a worthy person (Jones, R. 2006). Empathic understanding is the next core condition Rogers as cited in Jones, R. (2006) suggests it is a empathic understanding the therapist shows in understanding and accepting the client’s point of view. Furthermore in understanding the clients’ thoughts as well as their feelings the therapist shows understanding it can also shows the c lient point view is important and accepted. However when Roger talks about the third condition congruence he is saying that the client does not need to â€Å"guess what the therapist is really like† (Mulhauser, G. 2010) however the therapist must be in touch with their feelings whilst still have awareness of these feelings which the therapist can communicate if appropriate (Rogers, 1962: 417) as cited in Jones, R. (2006). Which does not mean the therapist can come out with every feeling but must also try to avoid turning it from person centred to therapist centred; with therapists sharing their feelings this can be seen as strengthening the relationship between the therapist and client by being expressed genuinely. Furthermore these three conditions are what Rogers had confidence in that the client was able to use to develop their own identity, which resulted in the client experience of therapeutic change. Existential therapy on the other hand according to Mulhauser, G. (2010 ) is about â€Å"facilitating the client’s own encounter and, to work alongside them in the job of exploring and understanding their values, assumptions and ideals†. The therapist is concerned mostly with the client (Mulhauser, G. 2010). The same can be said of person centred approach is very similar by working with the clients own experiences to help them explore and understand their values, assumptions, and ideals. Furthermore this is where both therapies have similarities in that both types of therapies try not to impose their own bias or judgements during therapy or on the client (Mulhauser, G. 2010); this then helps the client to† figure out and expand on their perspective†, the main objective in helping the client to live life well. The clients own assessments of their own experiences and according to Mulhauser, G. (2010) â€Å"attributions of value may be replaced by creations partly or even entirely due to the pressures felt from other people†. Which Mulhauser, G.(2010) says that the â€Å"individual displaces personal judgements and meanings with those of others†. This may cause Psychological disturbances which can occur when the person’s self-concept clashes with their other experiences. Furthermore according to Mulhuser, G. (2010) the existential approach shows the same similarities with the clients capacity in making â€Å"well- informed choices about their own life and the attitude towards it†, this however highlights the need for the therapist to† remain in control of their own personal and professional assumptions†. He also goes on to suggest that whereas the existential approach is completely symmetric in giving emphasis to self-awareness. In contrast the person centred approach is considered asymmetric in the client self-awareness (Mulhauser, G. 2010). Furthermore he suggests that the existential idea works along similar to the person centred approach in that the† two of u s, you and me†, are responsible for the coming to grips with the vagaries of life, meaning, and even death† this is where the therapist should concentrate on the client and not themselves. Mulhauser, G. (2010) also says the same about the person centred approach in that the â€Å"two of us, you and me† are involved in different accomplishments, here the therapist reassures the client that they are there for them and to accept the client with unconditioned positive regard and to show congruently on them and not themselves (Mulhauser, G. 2010). On the other hand the existential approach wants to understand what it means to be human and what conflicts people face.

Childhood Protection and Child Rights; Lex ferenda; Breaking the Cycle Essay

Childhood Protection and Child Rights; Lex ferenda; Breaking the Cycle of Violence within the Child Phd Thesis - Essay Example According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there is no one "official" definition of mental health. To define Mental Health academicians rely on various theories from cultural differences, subjective assessments, and competing professional.1 This research project has sought its backing in principles of child psychology. By matching and comparing the definition of a â€Å"child† in law and psychology, one realise the emerging truth of a lack of understanding in law-making, judiciary and legal pronouncements as to concepts, such as child vulnerability, child needs, and child resilience. In concrete words, what changes for a child who has been victim of sexual violence? What changes for a child who is working day and night in a factory? What changes for a child who is living on the streets? What changes for a child arrested? What changes for a child beaten up by police? Well, the first and foremost change is at the level of mental health. The way she thinks, the way she fee ls. Mental health of children is an important aspect of child-right study discourse. Through the understanding, one can assure the child is able to ‘bounce back’ and recover from a difficult situation. What is important to realise is that the mental health promotion dealt with in this research is actually a promotion and prevention in the aftermath of a severe incident or process, in the child’s life. These are the promotion of a child’s special needs, and the prevention of long-term violent impacts on the society. The later chapters deal with the reactions and risks of un-dealt trauma, and societal progress linked to the wellbeing of its children. The research study does not per se differentiate between categories of children. The categories presented here are neither exhaustive nor exclusive. Mostly vulnerable children fall into many of the categories. For instance, street children can also be child labourers, and sexually abused. My

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Are immunities of senior state officials applicable to jus cogens Essay

Are immunities of senior state officials applicable to jus cogens violations - Essay Example As such, the question whether acts of State officials are applicable to violations of jus cogens is necessary to be tackled in the light of several cases decided by the International Court of Justice (ICJ for brevity) and in recent times, by the International Criminal Court (ICC) under the Rome Statute. It is well to be emphasized at the outset that under the present generally accepted principles of international law, heads of states and senior state officials are not exempted from the responsibility in the international community for international crimes. 1 Any controversy that may emerge would fall under the jurisdictional question relating to the procedural aspect of the law. Hence, in this paper, several cases would be cited particularly those which sparked heated debates among scholars and imminent jurist in international law. At this juncture, it is worthy to mention the two principles of immunities under international law which are immunity ratione personae and ratione materiae. The former being attributed to the person and it follows him wherever he may be, and for his conduct which may be official or not. The latter on the other hand pertains to immunity which is necessarily included in the conduct of a head of state and senior state officials which relates to their offici al functions as representative of his or her State. It is then important to take a look at the history of state immunity and discern how it evolved over time. The Evolution of State Immunity Between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the doctrine of foreign state was regarded as absolute since foreign states were recognized as having the privilege of complete immunity from another forum's jurisdiction. By the early twentieth century, after World War I, Allied nations adopted a limited approach to immunity to address the complexity of the growing participation of states in global trade. Thus, the concept of acta jure imperii, wherein a state's conduct which are governmental in nature were acknowledged as having full immunity, and acta jure gestionis, wherein commercial or private acts of states that deals with trade are not endowed with immunity. 2 Thus, if the act falls under the category of acta jure imperii, full immunity is accorded to state officials. However, for those falling under commercial ventures or otherwise termed as acta jure gestionis, a state may be sued for breach of contract along with the concerned state official. On the other hand, as the world shrunk, so to speak, violations of fundamental human rights have been discovered and made public. These violations are apart from the ones which were the cause of wars between nations. Several jurists, commentators and heads of states argued that there should at least be an impartial tribunal which would render judgment upon persons accused of war and crimes against humanity. The concept of state immunity was thus regarded as applicable only to those acts of states which do not transgress norms which are regarded as necessary to attain order in the international community. Consequently, several statutes were enacted and tribunals were established precisely to address the growing concern of the states about serious violations of peremptory norms, from which violators would only invoke state immunity to avoid punishment. At present, State immunity is not regarded as an absolute state right under the international law. Instead, state immunity

Saturday, July 27, 2019

What athe fundamentals of a case control study, give details Presetn Research Paper

What athe fundamentals of a case control study, give details Presetn the stregths and weakness of the approach. Debate with two peers and debate the peers rationale - Research Paper Example The main aim is always to analyze a disease to determine the exposure of the risk factor from the two groups of individuals, which are the cases and controls. A case study is devised for odds estimation. Since a case control study depends on retrospective data, there is a prospect of having recall bias. Recall bias is primarily the propensity of subjects to report events in an approach that is dissimilar between two groups of study. This means that people who are suffering from a disease are more inclined to remember the risk of exposure than those not having the disease (Bonita, 2006). Case control studies have their strengths and weaknesses. Let us start by discussing its strengths. Firstly, they are primarily the most realistic studies for exposing etiology in uncommon diseases. This helps people to understand the presence of new diseases in the community. They are also used in cases of disease outbreaks to understand the nature of the disease whether it is old or new. Furthermore, case control studies use minimal time to be conducted since the disease in study is always present. Lastly, it is an effective method of study since it gives information on new disease that other studies could have failed to find out (Gordis, 2009). However, there are also weaknesses of case control studies. Retrospective studies are predisposed to bias because of the quality of data occasioned by the reliance on memory. Moreover, people with a particular disease are most probably more motivated to recall the exposure of risk factors (recall bias). Secondly, case control studies are not appropriate in the evaluation of diagnostic tests since there is evidence that the cases have the condition whereas the controls do not have it. Still, it is an uphill task to get control groups. They are also restricted to give a single outcome and the incidence rates cannot be calculated. Lastly, case control studies

Friday, July 26, 2019

English Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English - Assignment Example The president further reminds Americans that they are the people who are represented in the chamber and makes the state of the Union. This received strong applause because the audience felt the sense of belonging. Obama points out at the outcome of the great effort put by Americans such as low unemployment rate in over five years, rebounding housing market and the reduction of deficit. This attracts attention of the audience who feel that they are part of the success and that their achievements are appreciated. Obama received cheers and round of applause from the audience because they were reminded of their achievements and told that they would take America to greater heights above the current position of America in terms of trade (Forbes Staff Web). Obama further urges everyone in the chamber to take charge and avoid resentful argument that may hinder implementation of basic functions in the American democracy. He explains that if their differences may promote the underperformance of the government then the chamber is not doing the best thing. Obama asserted his commitment to making America work better and rebuilds the Americans trust. He challenges everyone in the chamber to take part in improving the welfare of Americans. The president told the chamber that their actions should provide opportunity for all Americans regardless of their social status. Obama acknowledges some of the challenges facing America such as increase in inequality and the fact that most Americans just work to get by and many are also unemployed. He points out at the need to reverse the negative trends and informs the chamber that they will never agree on everything. The president makes practical proposals of moving the country forward by creating opportunities. He promises to work with everyone in the chamber to steer the growth of and development of the country. He describes a few examples such as education opportunities, work ethics and encourages businesses to invest and

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Hazards, Risks, and Controls Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hazards, Risks, and Controls Exercise - Essay Example Spotting hazards or potential hazards is direly needed to take suitable preventive action against possible crash on the street or the possibility of catching an accident on streets (Rouf et al., 8). In the scenario, there is a mixture of old and modem modes of transportation. Cars were not existent yet during the late 1800s and early 1900s; although, carriages, horses, and walking were common means of transportation during those times. Considering the differences in terms of the level of sophistication between a modem car and old means of transportation, various potential risks should be considered. However, in order to properly and clearly assess the situation, the type of car that will be used in this activity would be a Hummer. Since the scenario took place during the 1800s, it can be imagined that life relatively slower, few to no cemented roads and various ordinary things are taken into streets. Hence, the following hazards have been identified: 1. Children playing on streets – during the 1800s, people were not as civilized as they are today, especially children. Things that were supposed to be done in specific places such as chasing a ball or playing, which is supposed to be done in parks, are being taken into the streets. So what are the potential risks? There is a high possibility that you might hit a kid on the street. This is not to say you are going to do it intentionally but children sometimes do not mind about what is going around them when they are playing and enjoying. For instance, a ball might suddenly run across the road, and a kid may follow straightaway to chase it, without recognizing a car is coming; hence, an accident could happen. Remember, modern cars move faster than any other moving things during the 1800s. Chances are you are most likely to hit the kid. Controls may include some simple things such as slowing down the speed a little bit or using a Collision Avoidance System such as an automatic braking system to

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

The Financial Collapse of General Motors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Financial Collapse of General Motors - Essay Example Gm which has funded approximately $103billion towards employee-related obligations proved to be a disadvantage for the company. Not only legacy cost but also due to its poor business strategy. It relied on its old mode of thinking which resisted the offering, and manufacturing capacity. The business suffered decline where its market share fell from 45% to 22%. In addition, the deteriorating strength of the economy and the loss of purchasing power of its consumers resulted in bankruptcy for GM (Estrada, 2011). In 2009, GM announced that the cash reserves amounted to $14billion after losing $30.9billion in 2008. Thus GM was filed bankrupt and its assets were sold off to the new government-owned organization (The New York Times, 2010). It can be said that managerial finance was not applied by GM because if the financial manager would have made proper decisions with respect to cash flows and how much and the type of equity and debt to be used in order to finance the firm. Lack of proper managerial finance led GM to a debt of about $172.8billion as compare to it’s assess which was $82.3 at the time of bankruptcy petition (The New York Times, 2010). The economic impact with respect to the collapse of the auto industry has resulted to be dramatic. As per a survey conducted by Planning Perspectives Inc, reported that about 68% of the participants revealed that companies would downsize if GM declared bankruptcy, 12% of the respondent said that the business would likely to shut down. It was aid that if GM goes into bankruptcy business across the globe would be affected severely. As per the economic downturn, the American, during the financial crises bought few new cars. The collapse of any of the key players in the automotive industry had predicted a troubled economy. Almost about one-third of the suppliers of the automobile industry was deemed at the risk of bankruptcy  (Gray, 2008). The auto industry is an important employer and there are many related industries attached to it. The effect would not result in the collapse of the single company, not just America but all of Europe and Japan also.

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

The Media and its Representation of Islam and Muslim Women Term Paper

The Media and its Representation of Islam and Muslim Women - Term Paper Example in Munro). Anti-Muslim movement or sentiment in western media in general and American media in particular is an inevitable repercussion of Soviet disintegration. After utilizing Soviet Union as scapegoat for decades, westerners seeking for a new enemy soon found fundamentalist or most frequently used as synonymous to Muslims through their media. This scenario led to the anti-Arab and anti-Muslim racist attitude which is continuously reinforced in the minds of general public in west. Media imagery, western ethnocentrism, and American geographic isolation added to American insularity. Moreover, World Trade Centre bombings stamped on the fears and self righteousness of western mind. It led to racial hatred, violence against Muslims, vandalizing mosques, and targeting Muslim businesses. Media contributed profoundly in negative representation of Islam and Muslims. Muslims laws and customs are always not only reported out of context but constantly reinforced through images and text in news papers, television, and films. Arabs are portrayed as terrorists in particular while Muslims are represented to be fundamentalists (Goren). Media shapes and reshapes the cultural identities and perspectives in people’s mind. Shaheen refers Hollywood as an effective teacher for young minds who are taught from 1896 that Muslims are Arabs and they are insensitive, brutal, fanatics, uncivilized, and greedy. They are only involved in killing and oppressing weak in their society and civilized foreigners (2).Islam is generally perceived as a Middle East phenomenon while Pakistan is also considered in for good measures. However, this is not recent trend because similar negative interpretations and representations tainted media reports about Iran and Lebanon in past as well (Goren). When esteemed international news magazine, such as Newsweek’s reporting a cover story on the rise of â€Å"militant Islam† without noticing other dimensions of the faith under-discussion, it registers as a persistent image in viewer and readers. It is highly unlikely to find articles and reports in mainstream media on Islamic art, poetry, philosophy, or architecture. There is little or no acknowledgment of the diversity of Muslim culture all over the world. Muslims may have their roots in Middle East, Bosnian Muslims are white, Indonesian and Malaysians are Orientals, and Senegalese and Sudanese or Africans are blacks. Initially, â€Å"Muslim fundamentalist† were either â€Å"Shiite† geographically residing in Iran, Lebanon, or Pakistan with some exceptions in other areas. Today the fear is beyond boundaries, it belongs to religion. A Pakistani news paper â€Å"The News† observes in its editorial that western media counters Islam in a terrified, unaware, and aggressive manner. Rather than representing Islam in derogatory manner, they should dig in-depth and try to understand the diverse history and tradition which will give them the opportunity to l earn and appreciate countless positive aspects of Islam and Muslim culture (qtd. in Goren). Ahmed explains the role of western media in prevailing and upholding negative image of Islam and attributes it as, â€Å"The evil demon: the media as master† (qtd. in Bennett 9).Edward Said also explore this media discrimination extensively in his book

Personal determinants Essay Example for Free

Personal determinants Essay An important factor in addressing how a person interprets the outcomes is recognition of the personal determinants. This is affected by the choice of variables to be used in the evaluation process. Bandura’s choice for such variable depicts what may be the most distinctive aspect of human life, that is, people have abilities to adapt to different environments (Bandura, 1986). For instance, people are able to live in a variety of physical environments such as deserts, rainforests, Polar Regions and so on. They are also able to live and engage in a variety of social environments such as nomadic systems, diverse religious beliefs, different socio economic and socio cultural activities and so on. People also exhibit a variety of unique capabilities that cannot be attributed to the occurrence of evolution over time (Bandura, 1971). In fact, the list of human beings’ unique capabilities relative to animals cannot be exhausted in a single book. Hence, in order to perform an analysis of psychological functioning, one must specify the psychological mechanisms that facilitate the unique capabilities. Bandura’s (1986) theory has a focal point on the cognitive methods that enable people to learn about the world around them (environment) and also about themselves, and use the knowledge gained to control their behavior and mental experiences. In particular, Bandura (1986) enlisted five basic capabilities that facilitate the learning process, as described below. Symbolizing capability implies the ability of people to represent their knowledge symbolically. The most common symbolic representation or conveyance of messages is language (Bandura, 1971). The ability to use symbols in terms of language is perhaps the most fundamental capability in human beings as it serves as a leeway for the other capabilities. Vicarious capability is the ability to acquire skills, knowledge and other emotional tendencies through observation or a similar approach (Bandura, 1971). Bandura’s (2006) assiduous analysis of vicarious processes that are involved in acquiring skills makes the cognitive theory not only realistic but also unusually easy to comprehend and interpret. In addition, it clears most of the issues that are usually overlooked by psychological theories such how people acquire knowledge and skills that enable them to act efficiently. According to Bandura (1997), vicarious capability enables people to keep away from risky or costly undertakings that could lead to fatal outcomes. This is because the people ideally have a sense of experience by observing their own characters relative to the characters or behavior of others. Bandura (1986) referred to the ability to anticipate future contingencies as the forethought capability of human beings. Forethought capability is vital for both emotional and motivational perspectives of life. For instance, contrary to popular belief, psychological distress arises from peoples’ anticipated dreadful experiences and not the present or actual experiences. It is because of the ability to derive alternative approaches that one can foresee the consequences of an action without actually being involved in it. According to Bandura (1986), the fourth unique human capability is the self-regulatory capability. This is the capacity of an individual to set goals. In addition, this capability allows individuals to evaluate their performance in relation to their own (internal) standards of performance. Bandura (1986) further noted that the ability of people to evaluate their self-concept, esteem and values enables them have a sense of self-direction and ability to lead life without much reliance on others. Much similar to the above capability is the self-reflective capability. According to Bandura (1997), this is the capacity of human beings to have personal thoughts. In this context, personal reflections lay a course for action and formulation of ideas by individuals based on self-efficacy. The aforementioned capabilities do not work in isolation but in concert. In particular, according to Bandura (1997), the aspects of self-reflection, self-regulation and forethought act in synergy to form a self-system, which comprises the framework of personality. Furthermore, people are able to control their emotions and social lives by integrating the constituents of the self-system (Bandura, 1986). Self-reflection in particular is â€Å"distinctly human† and forms a prominent feature of the social cognitive theory. Through self-reflection, individuals derive sense from their experiences and embrace their cognitions and self-beliefs. Consequently, they are able to engage in self-evaluation and are able to shift their thinking and behavior accordingly (Bandura, 1986).

Monday, July 22, 2019

Pharmacy School Essay Example for Free

Pharmacy School Essay Ever since my childhood days, helping other people with the best possible way I could is really within my interest. Hence, extending my effort to the most effectual manner in helping the people is something that I really enjoy to do. In light of this, I have decided and chosen to pursue a career that is involved in assisting and supporting the people or the public. Since then I always wanted to establish a steady job in the health profession, specifically in the field of pharmacy, and eventually render my service in helping other with their pharmaceutical requirements. In a sense, my interest in pharmacy has further developed when one of my closest auntie has acquired hypothyroidism and is subjected to perform daily thyroid medication to be able to sustain her health. Since then, the question of how such specific medicine could work in the human body to cure the diseases and other health problems has guided and led me to find out more about pharmacy. Likewise, the desire of understanding as to how drugs or medicines affect the human body and further understand the importance of drugs in peoples lives have boost my interest in this field. In addition to this, my enthusiasm in pharmacy is already evident during my younger days as I have a broad interest in science, As such, I also enjoy studying Mathematics. In lieu of this, such personal characteristics together with my acquisition of major in biology, these would serve as my primary tool to survive in pharmacy school. As one of the aspiring pharmacists in the country, my personal and career goal is to be in line with the top-rated practitioners in clinical pharmacy. This is in pursuit of my fervent goal and dream to serve the public, most specially those who are sick and in need of appropriate pharmaceutical assistance. In this regard, I am very well aware that pharmaceutical work in the hospital is never easy at all. Thus, this require a higher demand of dedication and enthusiasm to be able to meet the satisfaction of the people and serve accordingly. Nonetheless, I wanted to pursue a career in clinical pharmacy due to the notion and belief that it would be more effective for me to achieve my goals in this profession by rendering patient care that optimizes medication therapy and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention. Moreover, I would say that I entail positive potentials to become one of the better clinical pharmacist basing on my moral values and love for this job. As such, as a clinical pharmacist hopeful I hold on to my personal oath in providing quality services for those people who require pharmaceutical aid. In addition to this, I am well guided by my mission and desire to render the best possible service I could for the patients and for this profession. Hence, I would kindly appeal to the Admissions Committee to recommend me as one of the deserving student in formal Pharmacy schooling program by means referencing in my dedication and passion in pursuing a career in clinical pharmacy. In light this, supporting the public and the patients with their pharmaceutical requisites in the most accommodating and effective manner is my own profound sources of motivation to do good and perform in the best positive way as clinical pharmacist in the future. Certainly, witnessing people or patients recovering from their physical ailment serves as the primary source of inspiration for me to excel and become one of the reliable practitioner in this line of work. On the other hand, my academic difficulties in college is as well worth to be mentioned as it taught me valuable knowledge and experiences that could possibly help me pursue a career in pharmacy. For my first two years in college, I worked full time to help support my family. With this, my performance in class and grades have suffered. Years after, I finally took a time off to school and help to support my family needs. I grow up in a family where my dad has disabled himself and could no longer work to support us. With this, my mother had to raise me together with my brothers. I saw my mother as she struggles to work for us and at the same time pursue her dream of becoming a nurse. At about five years after, she finally became a nurse and this is exactly the right time I went back to school to focus on my studies. In the end, with this specific happenings in my life, my family, and with my studies, I would say that these had made me more stronger and inspired to reach my dreams as well as to my best to be able to achieve my career goal. Hence, to be able to do this, I accept the fact that I have to undergo a formal doctoral pharmacy program. Certainly, I truly believe that through this formal studies in pharmacy school, I would be able to acquire essential knowledge that could support me in improving and developing positive traits in becoming an outstanding pharmacist. With this regard, I hereby submit myself to undergo the needed formal pharmacy program as I pursue my career and personal goal.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Political Thinking of Ibn Taymiyyah

Political Thinking of Ibn Taymiyyah â€Å"Political thinking of Ibn Taymiyyah† Abstract: This report is an analysis of the political thought of â€Å"IBN TAYMIYYA†, in full â€Å"Taqi-al-din’ Abu-al-Abbas’ Ahmed Ibn Ab-Dal-Salam’ Ibn Abd-Allah’ Ibn Muhammed Ibn Taymiyyah (1263-1328 CE).He was one of Islam’s most forceful theologians, great Islamic scholar, jurist and logician of his time, he also produced many works on these topics. He was also the source of Wahabbiya, a traditionalist movement of Islam. The objective of this research is to show that how Ibn Taymmiya’s political theory provided the critical framework for Sunni caliphate theory, shiaite immamaite theory and for the models provided by the different Muslim philosophers and sufists theologians. Introduction: When in 1258, the Abbasid dynasty disappeared and Baghdad was captured by the Mongols, religious legitimacy through the caliphs recognition was no longer an option for the new dynasties. In these circumstamstances, Ibn Taymiyyah attended to give a religious legitimacy to the rulers through the concept of â€Å"Governance in the name of sacred law† (siyasa alshar’iyya) 1 and principle of religious and political censorship that obliges all Muslim to â€Å"command the good and forbid evil†(hisba) 1 Meanings of Sacred law: The term sacred law is used in the three meanings2 The revealed law (al-shar’ al-munnzal) The interpreted law (al-shar’ al-mu’awwal) The perverted law (al-shar’ al-mubaddal) The revealed law: What the prophet (peace be upon him) brought, one has to follow it and whoever disobeys it has to be punished. The interpreted law: These are the legal opinions of the jurists who bring them by their own reasoning. Nobody is entitled to impose it on people nor should all people be forbidden (to follow) it. The perverted law: It lies against God and Prophet (Peace be upon him), or against people through false testimony and other things, and of clear injustice.3 Importance of Government: Ibn Taymiyyah regarded the institution of government as indispensable. Ibn Taymiyyah gives the idea that religion cannot be established without government and the duty of commanding the good and forbidding evil cannot be discharged without power and authority and this applies to all religious duties for helping those who are wronged and to be punished with the accordance of legal penalties.4 Ibn Taymiyyah emphasizes that the necessary objective of those in authority (Wilaya) is to improve the material and religious conditions of the people in preparation for life to come. 5 Leader of State: Ibn Taymiyyah believes that for appointment to a public office the most suitable person should be chosen on grounds of relevant competence (quwwah) and integrity (amanah), the two most necessary qualities. However a person possessing both the qualities in equal measure is difficult to find, therefore a person who will be appearing as a leader should be a Best Muslim 6 Role of government: Ibn Taymiyyah started his book with the following verses of Quran; â€Å"Surely Allah commands you to make over trusts to those worthy of them, and that when you judge between people, you judge with justice. Surely Allah admonishes you with what is excellent. Surely Allah is ever Hearing, Seeing. O you who believe, obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority from among you; then if you quarrel about anything refer it to Allah and the Messenger, if you believe in Allah and the Last Day. This is best and more likely to (achieve) the end.† Ibn Taymiyyah remarks the above Quranic verse, revealed â€Å"in connection with those in authority; they should makeover trust to those worthy of them and they should administer justice fairly.† 7 Ibn Taymiyyah gives the idea on role of government by narrating the following Ahadith of the Prophet (peace be upon him); â€Å"Everyone of you is a shepherd, and everyone of you is responsible for his flock; the Caliph who rules the people is a shepherd and he is responsible for those whom he governs; the woman is a shepherdess in her husband’s house, and she is responsible for the household; the youngster is a shepherd in regard to his father’s wealth, and he is responsible for the money at his disposal; the slave is a shepherd as regards to his master’s possessions, and he is responsible for these possessions. Lo! Every one of you is a shepherd and every one of you is responsible for his flock†(Sahihayn Hadith). â€Å"Any shepherd to whom Allah has entrusted his flock who dies one day, after having cheated his subjects (but without repenting of his faults), Allah will not allow him to breathe the odor of Paradise.†(Sahih Muslim). Ibn Taymiyyah explained the ahadith as; â€Å"Creatures are the servants of Allah, and viceroys represent Allah among his servants; they are the overseers of these servants: they occupy a position similar to that of the two partners in relation to each other; they partake of the function of the viceroy and of the legal representative. When the custodian or the legal representative delegates some of his power to another man, when he could have delegated it to a man more expert in commerce or in the administration of lands and buildings, or when he sells the goods at a low price, and a purchaser willing to pay a higher price is available, then this custodian or legal representative has cheated the man who entrusted him with his affairs. More especially if there was between the custodian and the delegate a friendship or relationship. The custodian would then hate the appointed delegate and disdain him and consider that the delegate has cheated him to do a favor to a relative or friend of his.† 8 According to Ibn Taymiyyah ruler’s duty to prepare the people spiritually for the life hereafter .The state leader should be commanding good and forbidding evil and he along with his subordinates should always be guided by the demands of Quran and Sunnah. But if government does not know how to apply the teachings of Islam to the particular problem, he must consult the advice of the Ulema.9 It is evident according to Ibn Taymiyyah, the aim of the government is to try to reform the religious life of the people, otherwise the people will be at great lossand would not benefit by what they may enjoy in this world. Also, a reformation of the worldly affairs is necessary for the establishment of the Religion.†10 Conclusion: According to Ibn Taymiyyah; Islamic state is based on the idea of public trust Islamic state meant to be run by the consultation The main goal of Islamic state is to enforce shariyah The Leader of the Islamic state should be the Best Muslim Anarchy is preferable to authority Baber Johansen, A perfect Law in imperfect society, (London: I.B. Tauris, 2008) p.261 Baber Johansen, A perfect Law in imperfect society, (London: I.B. Tauris, 2008) p.264 MajmÃ…Â « {FatÄ wÄ , 3:268; cf. WÄ si ¢iyya (â€Å"Introduction†), p.29–30. Ibn Taymiyyah, al-siyassa al-shar’iyah (cairo :dar al-sha’b 1971),p.185 Ibn Taimiyah, Al-Siyasah al-Shariyah, op. cit., p. 36 Cf. Ibn Taimiyah, al-Siyasah al-Shariyah, op. cit., pp. 25-33 Ibn taymiyya,al siyassa al sahriyah (cairo :dar al-sha’b 1971),p.12 Ibn Taymiyyah, al-siyassa al-sahriyah (cairo :dar al-sha’b 1971),p.21 (ibid ,p55) Ibn Taymiyyah, al-siyassa al-sahriyah (cairo :dar al-sha’b 1971),p.32

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Truth Essay -- English Literature Essays

Truth The question of right and wrong has been battled over for centuries. Many conservatives still believe that truth is absolute, while others disagree, saying that truth is relative. I believe that truth is an individual’s perception of beliefs and decisions. For that reason, truth differentiates among individuals thorough their contrasting opinions. But, truth is something that everyone believes to be correct. Thus, it greatly depends on what’s true in the minds of the people. On the contrary, truth that’s spoken with bad intent is considered to be worse than a lie. Hence, truth is an expression, symbol or statement that corresponds to reality and happiness. Truth is dominated by one’s subjective thoughts and beliefs. It is a concept that’s created by man, and therefore can never have any absolutes. And if a concept such as the truth has no absolutes, it becomes subjective based upon your perceptions of it. However, an individual’s experiences, thoughts and beliefs shape their perception of truth. Truth is timeless, abstract and unchanging ideals based on the individual. All truth is subjected to an individual’s opinion. It is based on person’s perspective on society and developed by their past experiences. Similarly, subjective truth deals with what is in the persons' mind. Also could mean the opinion of a person of certain objects. A subjective truth is an idea which may be important to me but not to you. For example, I decide that killing, under any circums...

Narrative Perspecitve and Voice in Jane Austins Pride and Prejudice an

Narrative perspective and voice is a major aspect of a novella as Jeremy Hawthorn suggests in Studying the Novel, â€Å"[s]ource and medium affect the selection, the authority and the attitude towards what is recounted of the narrative† The narrative perspective can be used to shape or in some cases mis-shape the story. Looking at both Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice and George Eliot’s Middlemarch, the narrators of these novellas hold a quality of influence over the reader. Through comparing and contrasting how the two different authors have used the narrative perspective to develop their novels, through voice, linguistic register, free indirect discourse and narrative distance in respect to the intimacy of the information shared with the reader. Looking at both Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice and George Eliot’s Middlemarch, the point of view otherwise known as perspective and voice, do contrast one another. Perspective and voice are defined by Hawthorn, as the views of the characters and events in the novella are relatable by human experience, which in turn makes the novella more realistic . Pride and Prejudice can be seen in this light as the narrator explains events as the plot unfolds. In this line of thinking the voice can be interrupted as third person semi-omniscient, but the perspective is mainly Elizabeth Bennett. The use of a semi-omniscient voice works well as information is not so readily disclosed to the reader. Within Middlemarch the voice would be third-person omniscient as the narrator knows all and discloses this information, but the perspective would predominantly be Dorothea, Lydgate and the narrative. Through the narrative, the reader discovers information before the other characters within the novella. As Ha... ...res that make these books continue to live on for centuries. Due to the constraints of the essay not all aspects of the narrative perspective could be discussed and the role they play with the novellas. Works Cited †¢ Austen, J. Pride and Prejudice (Ware: Wordsworth Classics, 1993) †¢ Eagleton, T The English Novel (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2005) †¢ Eliot, G Middlemarch (Ware: Wardworth Classics, 1994) †¢ Hawthorn, J, Studying the Novel (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2010) †¢ Morris, P Realism (Oxon: Routledge, 2003) †¢ Newton, K.M. ‘Narration in Middlemarch Revisited’ in George Eliot Review, 42 (2011), p. 19-25,6 [accessed 1 April 2014] †¢ Southam, B. C, ‘Jane Austen’, in The English Novel, ed. by A. E. Dyson (London: Oxford university Press, 1974)

Friday, July 19, 2019

Biotrim: True Weight Loss or Scam? Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive P

Biotrim: True Weight Loss or Scam? In today's society, everybody wants a quick fix to all of their cosmetic problems. Whether we want better faces, better bodies, whatever, we want it now and we surely do not want to work for results. Due to this incredible demand for immediate self-improvement, the weight loss market has turned into a multi-billion dollar industry preying on people who are uniformed about weight loss and the body's capabilities. Many products and programs such as Jenny Craig, Weight Watchers, and the like are useful to many people and teach them how to maintain their entire lives in addition to their weight. Unfortunately, there are also products on the market today that offer false claims about individuals' ability to lose weight. One such product, the topic of this investigation, is called Biotrim. In the following paragraphs, we will look into its claims for weight loss and make an educated conclusion about the possibility of success by using this product. Before ever reading the advertisement I found for Biotrim, I took a look at the pictures of satisfied Biotrim customers. Here, I saw photographs of people who were overweight and looking unhappy before using the product, and then photographs of those very same people slim and happy after their success with weight loss by using Biotrim. There are little captions of personal letters from these people singing the praises of their incredible results and how they were happier, better adjusted human beings based on their appearance. This underlying claim that losing weight will make you a better person is just one of the many ways these companies target people who are insecure and uninformed. Reading on in the advertisement, this product promises not onl... ... bottom of the advertisement that the results shown are "atypical." Also, the cost to the company to make the product is substantially less than the $23.95 that it costs the consumer to buy it, so even if half of the customers ask for a refund, the producers of Biotrim still make money. Well, I hope that this investigation into the weight loss claims of the Biotrim product had been informative. If nothing else, I hope that you will read claims very carefully in the future, and keep in mind that many products that promise quick results with no effort on your part are on the market simply to take advantage of people that should know better but just do not take the time to investigate the claims. Take care in buying these products, because most of them will not deliver. Beware of scam artists, they will prey on your desire for a better you. Don't waste your money.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Mpf System

In 2011, Hong Kong people aged up to 65 and above total for 13 per cent of the population that is a rapidly growing in ageing population. The ratio is evaluated to increase in 19 per cent by 2021 and will up to 30 per cent by 2041. According to this investigation, the Hong Kong Government first introduced the MPF concept in 1995 to assure that every citizens working in Hong Kong prepare the financial provision while they are retirement.In August 1995, Hong Kong Government announced a major stage in enacting the Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes Ordinance (â€Å"MPFSO) (Chapter 485, Laws of Hong Kong) to provide a formal project of basic retirement protection. The MPFSO submits the framework for the building a system of privately managed, employment-related MPF schemes for members of the workforce to form financial benefits for retirement.The MPFA was settled on September 17, 1998 to regulate, monitor and direct the operation of the MFP system. There is only about one-third of the wor kforce of 3. 4 million people had some join of retirement protection before the achievement of the Mandatory Provident Fund System in December 2000. But now, closely to 90 per cent of the working population are already joined in retirement protection.There is a large and elderly population without enough savings will enhance a huge burden on the society if the number of ageing people rises up. MPF is build mainly to support the basic retirement protection to the working population by saving. The main feature of this system include coverage all employees and self-employed people who are over 18 and under 65 years old, not including specifically exempt under the MPFSO, are included by the MPF system.An employee and his/her employer are both needed to contribute five per cent of the employee’s monthly relevant income as mandatory contributions for and in respect of the employee, subject to the minimum and maximum relevant income levels for contribution purposes. An employee if e arning below the minimum level of relevant income (HK$6,500 per month or HK$78,000 per year) is not forced to give but may they can elect to do so by way of making voluntary contribution.Despite of the employee’s choice, the employer must contribute five per cent of the employee’s relevant income. The purpose of maximum standard of relevant income for contribution is generally at $25,000 per month or $300,000 per year. Both employers and employees can also due voluntary contribution in excess of the statutory mandatory amount. Self-employed persons also need to contribute five per cent of their relevant income as mandatory contributions, depend on the minimum and maximum standard of their relevant income for contribution purposes.As the beginning of the MPF System in December 2000, the MPF legislation has been reviewed in the light of operational experience in order to strengthen the efficiency and effectiveness of the system continuously. With the enactment of the MPF Schemes (Amendment) Ordinance 2012 on June 21, 2012, a statutory regulatory control to enhance the regulation of the sales and marketing programmers of MPF intermediaries will be in place on November1, 2012 and the Employee Choice Arrangement will be announced on the same day.Further initiative are being undertaken to strengthen the MPF System, including the development of proposals to enhance flexibility in withdrawing MPF benefits. MPF fees and charges have come down slowly as a result of MPFA’s contribution to streamline administrative procedures, enhance fee transparency and expand the market competition. According the Employee Choice Arrangement in place, we all hope that the management handling charges would be reduced in future.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

The Birthday Party, a comedy of menace

Comedy of holy terror was a term first used to ensconce upon Harold Pinters put to works by the drama critic Irving Wardle. He borrowed the term from the subtitle of one of David Camptons mashs, The fire-eater View A Comedy of Menace. A frivolity is a humorous round which contains variations on the segments of surprise, incongruity, conflict, repetitiveness, and the effect of opposite expectations and so on in station to cavort and shed light on the listening laugh. A be is roughly involvement which threatens to cause harm, evil or reproach which give a commissionms quite an incompatible with the idea of a comedy.However, as The natal day Party gifts, it is quite possible for a wagerwright to attain both(prenominal)(prenominal) gratify and jeopardise in the self identical(prenominal) melt, and even at the same time, in order to produce certain effects and to transmit ideas to the auditory modality. Comedy is typify in The Birthday Party from the precis e first facet it is a steering of gently introducing the reference to the world which Pinter is laborious to pretend. The snappishness is quite subtle at first, for typeface the convince among Petey and zillion ab break through and through whether Stanley is up or non plays on the words up and great deal jillion Is Stanley up to a greater extent each over? Petey I dont meet.Is he? jillion I dont line up. I havent seen him d consume in the mouth. Petey Well thus, he quartert be up. million Havent you seen him d birth? . Although the repetitions in this laconic exchange pass on non make the listening burst out with laughter they hindquarters make them smile and the pettishness in c argon manner lulls them into a sniff out of comfort. A laughter with a similar effect is make through a nonher short intercourse betwixt billion and Petey in which Meg continually asks who is having a baby with Petey insistency that she wont know her until finally hyp othecateing its doll Mary Splatt, to which Meg replies anticlimactically I dont know her.This anticlimax as hygienic as the incongruous name of the woman (we do non infer a chick having the surname Splatt) creates humour and once again lulls the earshot into a sense of peace and normality. As well as this we get a sense of Megs stupidity, Peteys resignation to it and their relationship being unfruitful and routine from their humorous yet uninteresting negotiation. Indeed, half the reason what they say seems funny is because of how superfluous it is. Thus, Pinter highlights the unusefulness of Meg and Peteys conversation and in extension the uselessness of everyday grim talk.The worrying thing for the interview c retrogress this comedy is that it yards a gentle of futility Meg does nonseem to have oft of a life beyond these pointless conversations. Thus, time the humour of the talks salves the smack of the slam it too poses a interrogation on the passivity and f utility of the lives of the roughages and the lives of many slew in general. Humour alike serves to excerpt attention to the oddishness of Meg and Stanleys relationship. Indeed, Meg treats him like a child nonwithstanding his being a man of thirty. We ar made aw be of the fact that Stanley is non a child when he comes on stage for the first time.Before this Megs label him that boy and seek to get him out of bed by calling Stan Stanny Stan Im orgasm up to fetch you if you dont come dget Im coming up Im going to deliberate to triple One Two triple makes the earreach think he mustiness be a child. Thus when we see him for the first time the incompatibility between the reality and what we have been lead to turn over creates humour. The inappropriateness of Megs treatment of Stanley and his being a fully big(a) man likewise creates humour at early(a) moments of the play, for exercise when she asks him if he paid a visit this break of the day (went to the toile t).While Meg and Stanleys conversation has round comedic value it could also make the consultation feel slightly uneasy, possibly they leave alone ask themselves why this woman of cardinal treats a man of thirty like a boy and why he plays along with her at times. Their exchanges, for interpreter, the dialogue revolving close to Stanley calling Meg a lucullan old washing bag and Megs reaction to it, seeming to take that its a raw word is quite funny for the earshot as again it highlights her silliness however makes their relationship even stranger as she speaks coyly she does non only play a maternal role scarce is also jolly flirtatious.Thus humour, turn seeming quite light provoke have a deeper meaning and tag up something a lot much serious close to a character and problems they may have. wishwise, Stanleys attempts at humour when talk to Lulu argon a kind of proof of his social inadequacy. When she says that its stuffy he replies Stuffy? I disinfected the p lace this morning. And when she negotiation or so his getting under Megs feet he says he ceaselessly stands on the plug-in when she sweeps the floor. These two lines are both untrue and when saying them Stanleys mien seems to be to make a joke.However, they both fall flat with Lulu and we could also imagine with the listening. Consequently, comedy, or rather attempts at it, evidence Stanleys lack of social skills. Therefore humour stand be a manner to introduce the earreach to characters and their relationships with each other, and also make the sense of hearing think about these characters and mayhap their problems eon keeping them implicated in the play itself. The parody of small talk also allows Pinter to pose questions to the audience about the futility of many of our lives.Comedy does not just appear alone in this play, humour often appears during a somewhat frightening scenery in which characters jeopardise another. Some of these scenes are power struggles betwe en characters or scenes where one character asserts themselves over another. For example, in the scene where Stanley tells Meg about the barrow he is obviously trying to imperil her with his repeated questions (Do you know what? , Have you heard the latest? , And do you know what theyve got in that van? etc), the anonymous they, the imminence of today and his actions as he advances upon her.Despite the lowering aspect of this scene the fact that what he is minatory her with is a wheelbarrow adds a slightly flaky and humorous tone. Indeed, the audience could laugh at Meg, thinking only she could be appalled of a wheelbarrow. However, her reaction to the threats is quite self- food colouringed as she flummoxs breathless and cries out huskily. She seems to be afraid of it because its new and different, an example of human veneration of the inglorious, and also possibly of being taken away as Stanley repeats twice Theyre looking for for someone. each way the humorous aspe ct of someone being afraid of a wheelbarrow heightens the threaten breeze for the audience as we dont understand her headache if she was afraid of something more(prenominal) normal we would not feel so ill at ease. Thus in this scene, Pinter makes use of a comedic aspect with a menacing air travel in order to make the audience aware of our own venerates of what we do not understand. Comedy and menace also appear together in both the first medicament planetary house scene and just before it.In the academic session down scene, a certain amount of humour potbelly be derived from the fact that three grown men are playing a childish gamy about who impart sit down first, moreover what this game represents is a power struggle. As with the wheelbarrow, this whacky game is symbolic of something much more serious here, the person who sits volition lose power. This menacing part of the scene is shown by the insistence of Goldberg and McCann that Stanley sit down and McCanns ch eering Thats a dirty trick Ill charge the shite out of him. Interestingly, Stanley seems to try to brighten the atmosphere with the joke ( right off youve both had a rest you coffin nail get out ) which causes McCann to say this, scarce he only succeeds in heightening the stress and menacing atmosphere of the scene. Again, humour does not take away from the threat just now adds to it, making it worse. The fact that Stanleys joke doesnt lighten the scene as he hoped evict also show the inadequacies of spoken language. Indeed, one would not expect a joke to create more threats and menace. Thus, through the pairing of humour with menace Pinter shows the audience how words do not always obtain the want effects and thitherfore is evidence of our own shortfalls as we do not always accomplish what we would like to through our actors line.However, Goldberg does achieve what he wants to with his use of comedy and threats. This is because he wants to create a more menacing scene in order to alone destroy Stanley. His humour comes from the common expressions that he sometimes modifies, such as Youre reference to get on my breasts, and the different registers of these expressions, for example he says Why are you impulsive that old lady off her hand out? which seems very colloquial compared to his normal speech.He also makes an ironic joke when he says that McCann is the life and soul of any companionship, which is evidently false as the audience put forward tell that he isnt from how picayune he speaks. Goldbergs jokes origin with the serious and dogmatic man who makes Stanley sit down but by saying quietly Webber. lay DOWN. Indeed, we feel more menaced by Goldberg than by McCann because as McCann has already yell at Stanley we feel as though we know what he is capable of but we dont really know how much Goldberg foundation do with his power of speech.The power which comes from the incomprehensible pairing of humour with menace bed be seen in t he first music hall scene and in the scene with Lulu. In the music hall scene, the extravagant pace of the short, nonsensical questions creates a sense of urgency and fear as we do not know what the point of all these questions is. While some of the questions and accusations seem serious, such as Why did you leave the presidential term? , others create humour such as, When did you demise have a bath or McCann You throttled her. Goldberg With arsenic.At the end of the scene the question they are request him is the well known joke Why did the complainer cross the road? . It is this question, one of the some unanswerable of all the ones they ask him that finally makes him break down he john no longer answer. The fact that a joke question is one of the causes of Stanleys destruction shows the strength of humour. Indeed, Freud theorised that in addition to the one who makes the joke, there must be a bite person who is taken as the object of the opponent aggressiveness, and a thi rd in whom the jokes aim of producing plea certainly is fulfilled.In this scene, Goldberg and McCann make the jokes to amuse the audience while Stanley is the victim. However, the audience does not really laugh at these jokes, in fact they serve more to make us uneasy, but we let off recognise the humour in them and mayhap even appreciate it. The same three person structure is found in the scene where McCann menaces Lulu. In that scene, Lulu is the victim while McCann tells her savagely to confess while Goldberg creates humour by picking up everything she says and turning it against her. For example she says You taught me things a misfire shouldnt know before shes been married at least three times , to which Goldberg replies Now youre a jump ahead What are you complaining about? .The audience will appreciate Goldbergs humour while also finding what Lulu herself says funny in spite of the fact that she is evidently upset and angry, as it says in the stage directions. This humour followed so quickly by McCanns threats will again make the audience uneasy. This uneasiness of the audience is partly caused by our finding Goldberg, and perhaps even McCann, funny when we feel perhaps that we shouldnt. By being amused by them we ally ourselves with them, the two characters who we know to be manipulative and controlling.Indeed, through their (Goldbergs especially) humour we are manipulated by them to laugh at the other characters. Thus, Pinter shows by placing comedic elements with menacing ones that humour can be powerful and creates relationships between us relationships which have a strong element of control to them, as our feelings and reactions are manipulated by Goldberg, just like the other relationships which we see in the play. Therefore, we can say that Pinters comedy of menace is a way to show us how he believes that all relationships orb around one person assert their power over another.The atmosphere of menace which is present in this play does not onl y appear in sexual union with humour. Instead it often relies on the unknown or things not being fully explained. For example, when Goldberg and McCann first arrive, they come through the lynchpin door without knocking, which is in itself quite odd, past Goldberg says he wasnt looking for a soma when McCann asks him how he knows its the right house. This is quite an eerie thing to say as the audience can ask themselves what he was looking for as normally you recognise a house by the number.Indeed, it is this affectedity and not knowing how Goldberg knew which house he treasured which creates a sense of a threat or that something bad will happen. This can show the audience how we feel a need for things to be normal, we fear things that we dont understand or that are new. Likewise, McCanns refusal to unification Stanley in conversation at the offshoot of the second act, giving short answers and asking little in return is really a refusal to make normal conversation. These shor t responses seem quite menacing because they contrast against Stanleys seemingly open discussion.The audience could believe that Stanleys trying to tempt McCann into conversing with him properly is not only to get information about why he is there but to also make McCann seem more normal and thus less menacing. Like the opening scene with its pointless dialogue this scene shows the human need for speech in order to keep the fear of a threat, in this case represented by McCann, at bay. Language is not the only menacing thing, there are also several small actions or events which add to the menacing atmosphere of the play the synchronised whistle, McCanns snap the newspaper into strips and the lights during the natal day party.None of these things should seem that menacing by themselves but the context in which they are placed makes them seem so. Two strangers whistling the same tune together while talking, a grown man sitting at a table tearing paper, a light being shone on a man a t his own birthday party as though he is a police amusing and finally a blackout which makes Stanley become violent all seem abnormal and strange for the audience we do not understand why they happen (except for the blackout, and then we only find out later).It is this not understanding and abnormality of the events which adds to the menacing atmosphere of the play. Therefore we can say that the threatening ambiance of the play is created through language, in particular humour and the unknown, but also through certain eerie and strange events or deeds. The reason Pinter uses these things to make the audience afraid is to show us our fear of what we do not know and the abnormal. However, Pinter makes sure that some of the menacing atmosphere is eminent at times, which actually emphasises how strong this atmosphere is.The threatening ambiance is lessened by the use of humour. This humour can be found in the first dialogue between Goldberg and McCann, for example, when McCann says th at Goldberg, who is obviously a Jew, is a true Christian. There is also humour with the dialogue between Goldberg and Meg, afterward the first music hall scene, when he is admiring her dress and slaps her bottom, as well as before when he calls her a tulip and she asks What colour? .Pinter uses comedy at these moments in the play in order to reassure the audience and to keep some suspense if the completely length of the play was filled with a menacing atmosphere we would know that Stanley will lose the power struggle from the beginning. The humour also brings a certain train of normality back to the proceedings of the play so that the menacing atmosphere can increase slowly, again creating more suspense. Thus, I agree completely with the description of The Birthday Party as a comedy of menace. While comedy and menace both appear separately in the play it is together that they affect the audience most.The association of two seemingly opposing themes in one play allows the audienc e to realise some of Pinters preoccupations concerning the inadequacy of language but also its power, how we have some irrational fears concerning the unknown and the abnormal, how relationships work through manipulation and power struggles and the passivity of so many people throughout their lives. As well as this, the fact that we can associate these two terms, finding something menacing yet humorous at the same time, could also be a way for Pinter to show the paradoxical nature of human beings.

Advanced Accounting

Accepted account statementPrinciples1. write up standard-setting environments 2. monetary instruments and income impose parceling 3. presentation to intercorporate investments 4. integrating sequent to encyclopaedism 5. Intercompany minutes 6. Issues in self-control interests and correlative ventures 7. inappropriate activities 8. displacement and integration of extraneous subsidiaries 9. financial reportage in the not-for-profit and open sectors 10. blood line invoice 11. business relationship standard-setting environments 12. pecuniary instruments and income impose storage storage assignation 13. portal to intercorporate investments 14. desegregation ulterior to eruditeness 5. Intercompany proceedings 16. Issues in will power interests and articulate ventures 17. extraneous activities 18. commentary and integrating of abroad subsidiaries 19. pecuniary account in the not-for-profit and general sectors 20. bloodline bill 21. bill standard-setting environments 22. fiscal instruments and income impose tryst 23. introduction to intercorporate investments 24. integration posterior to achievement 25. Intercompany legal proceeding 26. Issues in self-possession interests and articulation ventures 27. impertinent activities 28. rendition and integration of external subsidiaries 29. financial describe in the not-for-profit and cosmos sectors 30. line report 31. story standard-setting environments 32. financial instruments and income appraise apportionment 33. cosmos to intercorporate investments 34. desegregation accompanying to accomplishment 35. Intercompany proceeding 36. Issues in self-command interests and occasion ventures 37. irrelevant activities 38. translation and integrating of strange subsidiaries 39. pecuniary reportage in the not-for-profit and universal sectors 40. memory be 41. report standard-setting environments 42. fiscal instruments and income measure parceling 3. inception to intercorporate investments 44. integration resultant to encyclopedism 45. Intercompany legal proceeding 46. Issues in willpower interests and sum ventures 47. hostile activities 48. interlingual rendition and integrating of strange subsidiaries 49. pecuniary describe in the not-for-profit and existence sectors 50. monetary fund be 51. chronicle standard-setting environments 52. financial instruments and income appraise apportionment 53. macrocosm to intercorporate investments 54. integration incidental to encyclopedism 55. Intercompany minutes 56. Issues in self-control interests and knock ventures 7. impertinent activities 58. interpreting and desegregation of conflicting subsidiaries 59. pecuniary reportage in the not-for-profit and earth sectors 60. entrepot method of news report 61. explanation standard-setting environments 62. financial instruments and income assess allotment 63. penetration to intercorporate investments 64. desegre gation attendant to science 65. Intercompany minutes 66. Issues in monomania interests and crossroads ventures 67. external activities 68. interlingual rendition and integration of outside subsidiaries 69. financial reportage in the not-for-profit and familiar sectors 70. investment firm write up 71. account statement standard-setting environments 72. fiscal instruments and income valuateation parceling 73. entering to intercorporate investments 74. integration ensuant to acquirement 75. Intercompany proceeding 76. Issues in self-possession interests and vocalise ventures 77. contrary activities 78. shift and desegregation of exotic subsidiaries 79. fiscal account in the not-for-profit and human race sectors 80. lineage be 81. account standard-setting environments 82. financial instruments and income revenue parceling 83. first appearance to intercorporate investments 84. integration concomitant to encyclopedism 5. Intercompany proceeding 86. Iss ues in willpower interests and critical point ventures 87. orthogonal activities 88. adaptation and desegregation of unconnected subsidiaries 89. fiscal report in the not-for-profit and humankind sectors 90. pedigree method of be 91. accountancy standard-setting environments 92. fiscal instruments and income revenue enhancement parceling 93. institution to intercorporate investments 94. desegregation resultant to attainment 95. Intercompany legal proceeding 96. Issues in willpower interests and join ventures 97. contradictory activities 98. interlingual rendition and integration of outside subsidiaries 99.fiscal coverage in the not-for-profit and domain sectors 100. pedigree be 101. account standard-setting environments 102. pecuniary instruments and income value tryst 103. world to intercorporate investments 104. desegregation concomitant to eruditeness 105. Intercompany proceeding 106. Issues in self-control interests and critical point vent ures 107. abroad activities 108. rendering and desegregation of contrary subsidiaries 109. pecuniary account in the not-for-profit and everyday sectors 110. entrepot account 111. bill standard-setting environments 112. financial instruments and income measure storage parcelling 13. base to intercorporate investments 114. integration ulterior to learnedness 115. Intercompany minutes 116. Issues in willpower interests and interchangeable ventures 117. unlike activities 118. definition and desegregation of outside(prenominal) subsidiaries 119. fiscal describe in the not-for-profit and usual sectors 120. bloodline chronicle 121. business relationship standard-setting environments 122. monetary instruments and income appraise allotment 123. doorway to intercorporate investments 124. integration consequent to skill 125. Intercompany proceedings 126. Issues in monomania interests and pin ventures 27. outside(prenominal) activities 128. exposition a nd integration of unknown subsidiaries 129. financial account in the not-for-profit and reality sectors 130. strain explanation 131. business relationship standard-setting environments 132. financial instruments and income measure assignation 133. innovation to intercorporate investments 134. integration later(prenominal) to eruditeness 135. Intercompany minutes 136. Issues in will power interests and voice ventures 137. impertinent activities 138. exposition and consolidation of extraneous subsidiaries 139. financial report in the not-for-profit and humankind sectors 140. store accounting 141.account standard-setting environments 142. monetary instruments and income levy allocation 143. intro to intercorporate investments 144. integration resultant to accomplishment 145. Intercompany proceeding 146. Issues in self-control interests and voice ventures 147. alien activities 148. reading and consolidation of remote subsidiaries 149. pecuniary inform in the not-for-profit and everyday sectors 150. entrepot accounting 151. account statement standard-setting environments 152. pecuniary instruments and income task allocation 153. founding to intercorporate investments 154. consolidation succeeding to achievement 55. Intercompany proceeding 156. Issues in will power interests and critical point ventures 157. strange activities 158. supplanting and consolidation of inappropriate subsidiaries 159. financial describe in the not-for-profit and humans sectors 160. memory board accounting 161. Accounting standard-setting environments 162. pecuniary instruments and income tax allocation 163. entranceway to intercorporate investments 164. consolidation subsequent to erudition 165. Intercompany proceeding 166. Issues in ownership interests and conjunction ventures 167. contrary activities 168. definition and consolidation of unconnected subsidiaries 169.Financial report in the not-for-profit and prevalent sectors 170. shop accounting 171. Accounting standard-setting environments 172. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 173. Introduction to intercorporate investments 174. integration subsequent to learnedness 175. Intercompany transactions 176. Issues in ownership interests and roast ventures 177. unknown activities 178. variation and consolidation of contrary subsidiaries 179. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 180. inventory accounting 181. Accounting standard-setting environments 182. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 83. Introduction to intercorporate investments 184. consolidation subsequent to acquisition 185. Intercompany transactions 186. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 187. Foreign activities 188. exposition and consolidation of hostile subsidiaries 189. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 190. gunstock accounting 191. Accounting standard-setting environments 192. Financial instr uments and income tax allocation 193. Introduction to intercorporate investments 194. integrating subsequent to acquisition 195. Intercompany transactions 196. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 97. Foreign activities 198. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 199. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 200. neckcloth accounting 201. Accounting standard-setting environments 202. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 203. Introduction to intercorporate investments 204. consolidation subsequent to acquisition 205. Intercompany transactions 206. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 207. Foreign activities 208. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 209. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 210. Fund accounting 211.Accounting standard-setting environments 212. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 213. Introduction to intercorporate investments 214. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 215. Intercompany transactions 216. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 217. Foreign activities 218. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 219. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 220. Fund accounting 221. Accounting standard-setting environments 222. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 223. Introduction to intercorporate investments 224. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 25. Intercompany transactions 226. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 227. Foreign activities 228. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 229. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 230. Fund accounting 231. Accounting standard-setting environments 232. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 233. Introduction to intercorporate investments 234. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 235. Intercompany transactions 236. Issues in ownership interests and joint v entures 237. Foreign activities 238. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 239.Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 240. Fund accounting 241. Accounting standard-setting environments 242. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 243. Introduction to intercorporate investments 244. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 245. Intercompany transactions 246. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 247. Foreign activities 248. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 249. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 250. Fund accounting 251. Accounting standard-setting environments 252. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 53. Introduction to intercorporate investments 254. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 255. Intercompany transactions 256. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 257. Foreign activities 258. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 259. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 260. Fund accounting 261. Accounting standard-setting environments 262. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 263. Introduction to intercorporate investments 264. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 265. Intercompany transactions 266. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 67. Foreign activities 268. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 269. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 270. Fund accounting 271. Accounting standard-setting environments 272. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 273. Introduction to intercorporate investments 274. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 275. Intercompany transactions 276. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 277. Foreign activities 278. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 279. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 280. Fund accounting 281.Accounting standard-setting environments 282. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 283. Introduction to intercorporate investments 284. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 285. Intercompany transactions 286. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 287. Foreign activities 288. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 289. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 290. Fund accounting 291. Accounting standard-setting environments 292. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 293. Introduction to intercorporate investments 294. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 95. Intercompany transactions 296. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 297. Foreign activities 298. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 299. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 300. Fund accounting 301. Accounting standard-setting environments 302. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 303. Introduction to intercorporate i nvestments 304. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 305. Intercompany transactions 306. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 307. Foreign activities 308. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 309.Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 310. Fund accounting 311. Accounting standard-setting environments 312. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 313. Introduction to intercorporate investments 314. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 315. Intercompany transactions 316. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 317. Foreign activities 318. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 319. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 320. Fund accounting 321. Accounting standard-setting environments 322. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 23. Introduction to intercorporate investments 324. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 325. Intercompany transactions 326. Issues in own ership interests and joint ventures 327. Foreign activities 328. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 329. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 330. Fund accounting 331. Accounting standard-setting environments 332. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 333. Introduction to intercorporate investments 334. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 335. Intercompany transactions 336. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 37. Foreign activities 338. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 339. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 340. Fund accounting 341. Accounting standard-setting environments 342. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 343. Introduction to intercorporate investments 344. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 345. Intercompany transactions 346. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 347. Foreign activities 348. Translation and consolidation of foreig n subsidiaries 349. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 350. Fund accounting 351.Accounting standard-setting environments 352. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 353. Introduction to intercorporate investments 354. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 355. Intercompany transactions 356. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 357. Foreign activities 358. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 359. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 360. Fund accounting 361. Accounting standard-setting environments 362. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 363. Introduction to intercorporate investments 364. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 65. Intercompany transactions 366. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 367. Foreign activities 368. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 369. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 370. Fund accounting 371 . Accounting standard-setting environments 372. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 373. Introduction to intercorporate investments 374. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 375. Intercompany transactions 376. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 377. Foreign activities 378. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 379.Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 380. Fund accounting 381. Accounting standard-setting environments 382. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 383. Introduction to intercorporate investments 384. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 385. Intercompany transactions 386. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 387. Foreign activities 388. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 389. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 390. Fund accounting 391. Accounting standard-setting environments 392. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 93. Intr oduction to intercorporate investments 394. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 395. Intercompany transactions 396. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures397. Foreign activities 398. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 399. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 400. Fund accounting 401. Accounting standard-setting environments 402. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 403. Introduction to intercorporate investments 404. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 405. Intercompany transactions 406. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 07. Foreign activities 408. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 409. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 410. Fund accounting 411. Accounting standard-setting environments 412. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 413. Introduction to intercorporate investments 414. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 415. Intercompany tra nsactions 416. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 417. Foreign activities 418. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 419. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 420. Fund accounting 421.Accounting standard-setting environments 422. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 423. Introduction to intercorporate investments 424. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 425. Intercompany transactions 426. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 427. Foreign activities 428. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 429. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 430. Fund accounting 431. Accounting standard-setting environments 432. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 433. Introduction to intercorporate investments434. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 35. Intercompany transactions 436. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 437. Foreign activities 438. Translation a nd consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 439. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 440. Fund accounting 441. Accounting standard-setting environments 442. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 443. Introduction to intercorporate investments 444. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 445. Intercompany transactions 446. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 447. Foreign activities 448. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 449.Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 450. Fund accounting 451. Accounting standard-setting environments 452. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 453. Introduction to intercorporate investments 454. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 455. Intercompany transactions 456. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 457. Foreign activities 458. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 459. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public secto rs 460. Fund accounting 461. Accounting standard-setting environments 462. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 63. Introduction to intercorporate investments 464. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 465. Intercompany transactions466. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 467. Foreign activities 468. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 469. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 470. Fund accounting 471. Accounting standard-setting environments 472. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 473. Introduction to intercorporate investments 474. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 475. Intercompany transactions 476. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 77. Foreign activities 478. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 479. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 480. Fund accounting 481. Accounting standard-setting environments 482. Financial instruments and incom e tax allocation 483. Introduction to intercorporate investments 484. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 485. Intercompany transactions 486. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 487. Foreign activities 488. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 489. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 490.Fund accounting 491. Accounting standard-setting environments 492. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 493. Introduction to intercorporate investments 494. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 495. Intercompany transactions 496. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 497. Foreign activities 498. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 499. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 500. Fund accounting 501. Accounting standard-setting environments 502. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 503. Introduction to intercorporate investments 04. Consolidation subsequent to acquisi tion 505. Intercompany transactions 506. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 507. Foreign activities 508. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 509. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 510. Fund accounting511. Accounting standard-setting environments 512. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 513. Introduction to intercorporate investments 514. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 515. Intercompany transactions 516. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 517. Foreign activities 18. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 519. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 520. Fund accounting 521. Accounting standard-setting environments 522. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 523. Introduction to intercorporate investments 524. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 525. Intercompany transactions 526. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 527. Foreign ac tivities 528. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 529. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 530. Fund accounting 531.Accounting standard-setting environments 532. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 533. Introduction to intercorporate investments 534. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 535. Intercompany transactions 536. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 537. Foreign activities 538. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 539. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 540. Fund accounting 541. Accounting standard-setting environments 542. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 543. Introduction to intercorporate investments 544. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 45. Intercompany transactions 546. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 547. Foreign activities 548. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 549. Financial reporting in the not-f or-profit and public sectors 550. Fund accounting 551. Accounting standard-setting environments 552. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 553. Introduction to intercorporate investments 554. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 555. Intercompany transactions 556. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 557. Foreign activities 558. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 559.Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 560. Fund accounting 561. Accounting standard-setting environments 562. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 563. Introduction to intercorporate investments 564. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 565. Intercompany transactions 566. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 567. Foreign activities 568. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 569. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 570. Fund accounting 571. Accounting standard-setting environments 572. Fin ancial instruments and income tax allocation 73. Introduction to intercorporate investments 574. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 575. Intercompany transactions 576. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 577. Foreign activities 578. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 579. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 580. Fund accounting 581. Accounting standard-setting environments 582. Financial instruments and income tax allocation583. Introduction to intercorporate investments 584. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 585. Intercompany transactions 586. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 87. Foreign activities 588. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 589. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 590. Fund accounting 591. Accounting standard-setting environments 592. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 593. Introduction to intercorporate investments 594. Consolid ation subsequent to acquisition 595. Intercompany transactions 596. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 597. Foreign activities 598. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 599. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 600.Fund accounting 601. Accounting standard-setting environments 602. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 603. Introduction to intercorporate investments 604. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 605. Intercompany transactions 606. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 607. Foreign activities 608. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 609. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 610. Fund accounting 611. Accounting standard-setting environments 612. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 613. Introduction to intercorporate investments 14. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 615. Intercompany transactions 616. Issues in ownership interests and joi nt ventures 617. Foreign activities 618. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 619. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 620. Fund accounting621. Accounting standard-setting environments 622. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 623. Introduction to intercorporate investments 624. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 625. Intercompany transactions 626. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 627. Foreign activities 28. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 629. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 630. Fund accounting 631. Accounting standard-setting environments 632. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 633. Introduction to intercorporate investments 634. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 635. Intercompany transactions 636. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 637. Foreign activities 638. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 639. Finan cial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 640. Fund accounting 641.Accounting standard-setting environments 642. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 643. Introduction to intercorporate investments 644. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 645. Intercompany transactions 646. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 647. Foreign activities 648. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 649. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 650. Fund accounting 651. Accounting standard-setting environments 652. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 653. Introduction to intercorporate investments654. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 55. Intercompany transactions 656. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 657. Foreign activities 658. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 659. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 660. Fund accounting 661. Accounting standard-sett ing environments 662. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 663. Introduction to intercorporate investments 664. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 665. Intercompany transactions 666. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 667. Foreign activities 668. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 669.Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 670. Fund accounting 671. Accounting standard-setting environments 672. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 673. Introduction to intercorporate investments 674. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 675. Intercompany transactions 676. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures677. Foreign activities 678. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 679. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 680. Fund accounting 681. Accounting standard-setting environments 682. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 83. Introduction to intercorporate investments 684. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 685. Intercompany transactions 686. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 687. Foreign activities 688. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 689. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 690. Fund accounting 691. Accounting standard-setting environments 692. Financial instruments and income tax allocation693. Introduction to intercorporate investments 694. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 695. Intercompany transactions 696. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 97. Foreign activities 698. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 699. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 700. Fund accounting 701. Accounting standard-setting environments 702. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 703. Introduction to intercorporate investments 704. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 705. Intercompany transactions 706. Issues in ow nership interests and joint ventures 707. Foreign activities 708. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 709. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 710.Fund accounting 711. Accounting standard-setting environments 712. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 713. Introduction to intercorporate investments 714. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 715. Intercompany transactions 716. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 717. Foreign activities 718. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 719. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 720. Fund accounting 721. Accounting standard-setting environments 722. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 723. Introduction to intercorporate investments 24. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 725. Intercompany transactions 726. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures727. Foreign activities 728. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 729. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 730. Fund accounting 731. Accounting standard-setting environments 732. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 733. Introduction to intercorporate investments 734. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 735. Intercompany transactions 736. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 737. Foreign activities 38. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 739. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 740. Fund accounting 741. Accounting standard-setting environments 742. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 743. Introduction to intercorporate investments 744. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 745. Intercompany transactions 746. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 747. Foreign activities 748. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 749. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 750. Fund accounting 751 .Accounting standard-setting environments 752. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 753. Introduction to intercorporate investments 754. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 755. Intercompany transactions 756. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 757. Foreign activities 758. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 759. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 760. Fund accounting 761.Accounting standard-setting environments 762. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 763. Introduction to intercorporate investments 764. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 65. Intercompany transactions 766. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 767. Foreign activities 768. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 769. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 770. Fund accounting 771. Accounting standard-setting environments 772. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 773. Intro duction to intercorporate investments 774. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 775. Intercompany transactions 776. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 777. Foreign activities 778. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 779.Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 780. Fund accounting 781. Accounting standard-setting environments 782. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 783. Introduction to intercorporate investments 784. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 785. Intercompany transactions 786. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 787. Foreign activities 788. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 789. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 790. Fund accounting 791. Accounting standard-setting environments 792. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 93. Introduction to intercorporate investments 794.Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 795. Intercompany trans actions 796. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 797. Foreign activities 798. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 799. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 800. Fund accounting 801. Accounting standard-setting environments 802. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 803. Introduction to intercorporate investments 804. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 805. Intercompany transactions 806. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 07. Foreign activities 808. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 809. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 810. Fund accounting 811. Accounting standard-setting environments 812. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 813. Introduction to intercorporate investments 814. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 815. Intercompany transactions 816. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 817. Foreign activities 818. Translation a nd consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 819. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 820.Fund accounting 821. Accounting standard-setting environments 822. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 823. Introduction to intercorporate investments 824. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 825. Intercompany transactions 826. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 827. Foreign activities 828. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 829. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 830. Fund accounting 831. Accounting standard-setting environments 832. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 833. Introduction to intercorporate investments 34. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 835. Intercompany transactions 836. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 837. Foreign activities 838. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 839. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sector s 840. Fund accounting 841.Accounting standard-setting environments 842. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 843. Introduction to intercorporate investments 844. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 845. Intercompany transactions 846. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 847. Foreign activities 48. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 849. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 850. Fund accounting 851. Accounting standard-setting environments 852. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 853. Introduction to intercorporate investments 854. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 855. Intercompany transactions 856. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 857. Foreign activities 858. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 859. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 860. Fund accounting 861.Accounting standard-setting environments 862. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 863. Introduction to intercorporate investments 864. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 865. Intercompany transactions 866. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 867. Foreign activities 868. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 869. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 870. Fund accounting 871. Accounting standard-setting environments 872. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 873. Introduction to intercorporate investments 874.Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 75. Intercompany transactions 876. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 877. Foreign activities 878. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 879. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 880. Fund accounting 881. Accounting standard-setting environments 882. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 883. Introduction to intercorporate investments 884. Consolidation subsequent to acquisit ion 885. Intercompany transactions 886. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 887. Foreign activities 888. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 889.Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 890. Fund accounting 891. Accounting standard-setting environments 892. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 893. Introduction to intercorporate investments 894. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 895. Intercompany transactions 896. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 897. Foreign activities 898. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 899. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 900. Fund accounting 901. Accounting standard-setting environments 902. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 03. Introduction to intercorporate investments 904. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 905. Intercompany transactions 906. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 907.Foreign acti vities 908. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 909. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 910. Fund accounting 911. Accounting standard-setting environments 912. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 913. Introduction to intercorporate investments 914. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 915. Intercompany transactions 916. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 17. Foreign activities 918. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 919. Financial reporting in the not-for-profit and public sectors 920. Fund accounting 921. Accounting standard-setting environments 922. Financial instruments and income tax allocation 923. Introduction to intercorporate investments 924. Consolidation subsequent to acquisition 925. Intercompany transactions 926. Issues in ownership interests and joint ventures 927. Foreign activities 928. Translation and consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 929. Financial reporting in the not-fo r-profit and public sectors 930. Fund accounting